ABSTRACT
E-commerce has become an integral part of citizens' lives, due to the ease of use as well as the Covid_19 constraints that has limited direct interactions between people. In order to extend e-commerce, it is necessary to improve payment systems by allowing more comfort and security to citizens. This paper introduces a new payment system using a digital wallet supported by telephone operators. This solution integrates daily financial transactions and puts an end to the liquidity problem, which has become a major concern for many citizens in several countries. The creditor-debtor transaction is done by an exchange of information using a QR code. The payment process is carried out in real time with an acceptable level of security.
ABSTRACT
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt in diverse ways. Although the death rate in Africa has not been as devastating as predicted by the World Health Organization (WHO), its economic and social impact has been fully felt by the African continent. As the world goes through the vaccination process to achieve herd immunity, Africa has not only faced problems like the inability to produce and procure vaccines, but some countries in the west are doubting the authenticity of the vaccination process and even vaccine certificates coming from various countries on the continent. The approach of using centralized systems to validate COVID-19 vaccine certificates makes these systems susceptible to Denial of Service (DoS), modification, and Man-in-The-Middle (MiTM) attacks. To curb this problem, we proposed a blockchain-based digital COVID-19 vaccination certificate verification system called BLOCOVID. The proposed system uses the decentralized approach of distributed ledgers to ensure that vaccine certificates are secured, immutable, and verifiable. Our proposed system stores vaccine serial numbers and their corresponding certificates as hash values. These hash values are stored on the blockchain network as transaction values. The authenticity of a vaccine certificate is determined by the availability of the hash values of the certificate and its corresponding vaccine serial number on the blockchain network. The proposed system was simulated using the BlockSim simulator. To begin with, the simulation results show that the proposed system can ensure system availability, thereby minimizing DoS attacks. Secondly, the proposed system can ensure the integrity of vaccine certificates by allowing third parties to verify the authenticity of these certificates. The simulation results show that even with 10240 nodes, the average transaction time was 137.2ms, with a total transaction rate of 9911.034 transactions per second. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
As a consequence of the global pandemic, many restrictions and rules were enforced. One predicament was the travel restrictions and requirements put into place with regard to vaccinations. Countries worldwide now require people to be vaccinated upon entry. The process of validating vaccine doses requires lots of paperwork and is inefficient. Blockchain is an uprising technology that is secure and fast at carrying out transactions. We propose implementing vaccine dose verifications between countries through vaccine certificates using Blockchain as an effective solution. The need for a common shared database, avoiding a trusted third party to administrate the network, having several countries involved, ensuring privacy and security, and accountability logs make Blockchain needed in this scenario. Digital vaccine certificates are very sensitive information that must be kept private and secure but accessible to several entities. Blockchain ensures the aforementioned requirements are met while preserving the integrity of the VDCs. This paper describes blockchain technology and its application in digital vaccine certificates. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Currently, information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have developed rapidly, becoming evident, especially after the beginning of the SARS Covid-19 virus pandemic. As a measure to reduce the number of people infected by the disease, the National Health System (SNS) started to require the COVID Digital Certificate, so that the citizen has access to certain places. The present study is a qualitative methodology, action-research, and aims to evaluate the difficulties that the elderly find to access the COVID Digital Certificate, through the application made available by the SNS, and evaluate the benefits of the Iconographic Tutorial/ Certdigit@l. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
E-commerce has become an integral part of citizens’ lives, due to the ease of use as well as the Covid_19 constraints that has limited direct interactions between people. In order to extend e-commerce, it is necessary to improve payment systems by allowing more comfort and security to citizens. This paper introduces a new payment system using a digital wallet supported by telephone operators. This solution integrates daily financial transactions and puts an end to the liquidity problem, which has become a major concern for many citizens in several countries. The creditor-debtor transaction is done by an exchange of information using a QR code. The payment process is carried out in real time with an acceptable level of security. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The need to fight a highly aggressive virus such as SARS-CoV-2 has compelled governments to put in place measures, which, in the name of health protection, have constrained many freedoms we all enjoy, including freedom of movement, both nationally and within the European Union. In order to encourage and facilitate the return to free movement, the European Parliament has launched a "COVID-19 digital certificate". A spirited debate centered around the use of this certificate is still ongoing among scholars, many of whom have pointed out the uncertainties relative to COVID-19 immunity, privacy issues and the risk of discriminatory effects. The authors, while highlighting some critical aspects, argue that the COVID digital certificate in its current approved version can effectively help prevent the spread of the infection and promote free movement, while upholding the right to health as much as possible. However, they also stress the need for a thorough information campaign to illustrate the advantages and limitations of this document in order to avoid creating a false sense of security in the public opinion, who may wrongly assume that the emergency has been overcome for good.